Work gloves - the longest article

In this article, you dear readers will learn the most extensive information about work gloves.

In the last fifteen years, following the laws of supply and demand, glove machines began to appear in the world, which in turn led to a reduction in the cost of the production of work gloves, which began to force workers out of the market. In 2014, the production of work gloves in the world reached almost the maximum peak. There was not a single country in the world wherever the production of work gloves was established. The leader in this industry is China, which produces almost all famous types and brands of gloves. China is also a leader in the world in the production and use of raw materials for the production of work gloves.

What work gloves are the most common?

The answer to this question can give managers of various companies involved in the sale of gloves of workers. We will have it Vladimir, who is the sales manager of the company Sever-Overalls, Zhytomyr, Ukraine. Questions asked by Vladimir: 1. How many types of work gloves does your company sell? Answer: about three hundred species. 2. How many materials are used in the manufacture of gloves that you sell? Answer: more than twenty. In which region are your company's products sold, namely work gloves? Answer: throughout Ukraine. The question of all types of work gloves is what are the best-selling (common)? Answer: there are quite a few types of sold, if we talk about groups, the most sold group is knitted work gloves made of natural cotton fiber or synthetic fiber. Next is a group of work gloves with various douses made of latex, nitrile, pvc., And after it work gloves made of leather and split leather.

Based on the answers received, let's understand what knitted gloves are and what types of them are.

Knitwear got its name from French and means knitwear, at the moment means textile material i.e. knitted fabric or the resulting product from a knitted fabric. Knitwear is obtained by looping together. The difference of the same fabric is that the fabric is obtained by interlacing threads that are perpendicular to one another. In addition, the fabric does not stretch, and the knitwear is well stretchable, elastic and soft. For example, both for the manufacture of knitted fabric and for the manufacture of knitted work gloves, cotton yarn, synthetic or woolen, can be used. Various combinations are also possible. Knitwear itself can be of various classes, it was first obtained its classification in the USSR, the system itself is of such classes: main, derivatives, patterned and combined weaves of knitwear. Depending on the combination method in the knitwear of weaves of various classes, there are distinguished knitwear of simple, derivatively combined, patterned and complex combined weaves. In addition to the class, weaving can be characterized by rapport. Knitwear has various characteristics: elongation, strength, loose (both in the direction of knitting and against), the curl of the edges, the orientation of the loops in the loop columns and rows, surface density.

The most common and accordingly sold work gloves from knitwear are two types at the same time, these are the headlamp work gloves and the orange work gloves.

What can be said about these two species. Firstly, these are 100% cotton knitted gloves, PAR gloves are tied on a seventh-class knitting machine with three threads, and orange gloves are tied on a tenth-class knitting machine with two threads. Both types are covered with protective PVC (polyvinyl chloride) in the form of dots. Made in China.

What factor makes these two types the best-selling? The most basic factor is the price. For comparison, Ukraine does not produce fully cotton gloves and therefore it is not possible to find similar gloves made in Ukraine.

If we take the minimum prices for similar gloves, then the difference in price is almost twice the Ukrainian counterparts more expensive. One of the advantages of Ukrainian manufacturers is that they are more wear-resistant and of high quality. Of the advantages of Chinese-made work gloves, the composition of the glove is 100% cotton.

What is cotton for work gloves?

Cotton is a fiber of a completely plant origin, this fiber covers the seeds on a plant called cotton. The final process of cotton growth is its maturation and opening of the so-called plant bollards. Inside the boxes is raw cotton, which is collected from the fields and transported to plants engaged in cleaning the cotton mass from the seeds themselves and plant debris.

After complete cleaning of the cotton mass at the plant, it is divided into three types depending on the length of the fibers: short - downs, their length reaches five millimeters, medium - down, its length is from five to twenty millimeters, long are called cotton fiber, respectively twenty millimeters to fifty. All kinds of fabrics, knitted fabrics are made from ready-made cotton, cotton is made from fluff and down, as well as many other products. For example, the second and third types of fibers fluff and downs have found their application in the chemical industry, they are used for the production of synthetic fibers, threads, captures and varnishes. Today, there is no alternative to cotton; among its competitors, cotton is the cheapest raw material of plant origin. The distinctive features of cotton include its strength, hygroscopicity and fineness.

If you delve into history, you can find in the literature the phrase "cotton paper" which was actively used until the mid-nineteenth century instead of the word cotton. Today, such words and concepts as cotton are still used.

When you pick cotton in your hands, you immediately feel that you have something soft and fluffy in your hands. These are cotton fibers to the touch. If you examine the fibers themselves, then a closer examination reveals that they are slightly twisted around the axis. The characteristics of cotton include its rather high strength and chemical resistance, which consists in long resistance to water and light, as well as resistance to elevated temperatures up to + 140 ° C. Cotton has average hygroscopicity (about twenty percent) and a strong susceptibility to deformation as an indicator of low elasticity things made of cotton wrinkle strongly. And in terms of wear resistance and abrasion in cotton, they are very low.

Let's look at the advantages that cotton gives when used in work gloves:

• soft to the touch;
• very well absorbs moisture and sweat in the summer;
• in the manufacture of yarn or finished products, they are easily dyed.

The disadvantages of cotton fabric for the production of gloves:

• in the process of socks hesitates;
• without the addition of fixatives during washing, it shrinks, it is possible to avoid this factor if very dense fabrics are used;
• yellowness appears in the light in time.

History of the appearance of cotton products.

Cotton as a material was found by archaeologists in the Indus Valley, the archaeological find was a copper bead on a cotton thread, the age of the bead was set as the fifth century BC, that is, the beads themselves were at least seven thousand years old. Representatives of the Mergarh culture

In the process of research, it was found that for the first time cotton products began to be used in Indian civilization, which at that time occupied the largest territories along modern distances - this is the area of ​​modern Pakistan and India. As the researchers show, the production methods themselves and the spinning and processing processes were quite developed, and some methods were used until the twentieth century. By the thousandth year BC, the cultivation of cotton and the manufacture of products from it spread throughout India.

In ancient Persia (modern Iran), cotton products of the same period were also found as in India. Products are at least seven thousand years old.

In the Middle Ages, cotton began to be imported and used in Europe, but there was no idea of ​​how it was made by the medieval inhabitants of Europe. It was only known that cotton is obtained from plants. And it was speculated by the inhabitants of that time that the servant was obtained from sheep born on plants. A certain D. Mendeville writes in one thousand three hundred and fifty years that amazing trees grow in India on which small lambs grow. And this belief was very common in medieval Europe. For example, when translated from German, the word cotton means wood wool. By the end of the sixteenth century, cotton was grown in the warm regions of America and Asia.

Cotton production itself in India was steadily declining in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The reason for this was the colonization of India by Britain. Britain itself obliged the population of India to sell and produce only raw cotton, and to buy ready-made fabrics from British manufacturers.

The very first tool used to clean cotton was the "chock." The chock was made of two rollers, one fixed, and the second rotating with a handle. Unrefined cotton was fed into the chock and, after being captured by a roller, was squeezed out onto the other side, seeds remained on one side and cotton on the other. To work with chock, it was necessary at least two to three people who could clear six to eight kilograms of cotton in one day. Because of this, cotton prices were quite high.

Industrial Cotton Production

The first country in the world to establish industrial production of cotton was Britain. In one thousand seven hundred and thirty-eighth year, a spinning machine was invented by L. Paul and D. White. Later, the spinning machine suffered a number of changes in 1764 and 1769, which made it possible to produce a cotton cloth much faster.

At the end of the eighteenth century in England, the city of Manchester, due to the wide distribution of cotton production, received the name Cottonopolis. In 1793, a cotton seed cleaning machine was invented. Prior to this, cotton was cleaned from seeds manually, which significantly increased the price of the finished product.

Over time, more advanced technologies and methods for cleaning, delivering and producing cotton appeared and a chain was built from raw materials to the finished product.

In 1840, in addition to Indian cotton raw materials, Britain had additional cotton from the USA which was cheaper and better than Indian.

How to grow cotton

For proper growth, cotton needs a rather long period of heat that should not have freezing. A large number of sunny days and average rainfall from six hundred to one thousand two hundred millimeters are also needed. Today, cotton is grown both in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Most cotton is grown using irrigation and irrigation.

Today's methods of producing and growing cotton allow you to give a different color to the cotton at the time of growth, for example: brown, red, green, pink.

According to statistics, during the collection and cultivation of cotton on plantations all over the world every year from three hundred to five hundred thousand people will get pesticide poisoning, and twenty two thousand people die every year.

In addition to producing yarn from cotton, it is also used in the manufacture of explosives.

Today, China is the leader in cotton consumption. China took first place in 1998. The share of consumption worldwide is thirty-three percent and is constantly increasing. China cannot cover the need for cotton with its own production, just like the USA, which is the largest importer of cotton in the world.

According to average productivity, they grow from one hectare to three tons, and a maximum can be grown up to five tons from one hectare.

The image of cotton can be seen on the arms of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

In addition to cotton work gloves, there are many types of gloves made from synthetic yarn.

Synthetics compared with cotton makes it possible to use finer fibers for the production of work gloves. With the growing assortment of manufactured gloves, glove machines have changed and improved. For example, gloves of the seventh class of knitting were invented at the beginning, later than the tenth, and today, working gloves of the thirteenth class of knitting are actively sold and many manufacturers are announcing the sales of machines of the fifteenth and seventeenth classes of knitting have begun.

What are the most popular synthetic gloves?

The most popular are work gloves made on a glove machine in the thirteenth grade. The composition of the yarn is 100% polyester. Yarn color: white, cornflower blue, blue, black, gray, red, brown, green, yellow, orange. On the inner side of the palm and fingers of the work glove is applied PVC (polyvinyl chloride) protective coating in the form of small dots arranged in a "checker" order.

What is synthetics

Synthetics are obtained by a chemical reaction of synthesis, it is both a synthetic product and fiber and tissue and medicine.

There is a difference between synthetic and artificial. Artificial material is obtained by physically modifying the raw material.

Synthetic fibers are capron and nylon.

What is chemical fiber

Chemical fiber is obtained by a chemical reaction from polymers of both synthetic and organic and natural, inorganic compounds are possible.

The first chemical fiber was produced in France in 1890.

How chemical fibers are classified

In Ukraine, the following classification of chemical fibers exists:

• artificial fiber (from natural polymers): cellulose hydrate, cellulose acetate, protein.
• synthetic fiber (from synthetic polymers): carbochain, heterochain

It happens to chemical fibers include mineral fibers obtained from inorganic compounds (glass, metal, basalt, quartz).

Synthetic fibers are of the following types:

• Polyacrylonitrile (Nitron, Orlon, Acrylan, Kashmilon, Kurtel, Dralon, Volprühl)
• Polyvinyl chloride (chlorin, saran, vignon, rovil, teviron)
• Polyvinyl alcohol (vinol, mtilan, vinylon, curalon, vinalon)
• Polyethylene (spectrum, dyneema, tekmilon)
• Polypropylene (Herculon, Ulstren, Found, Meraclone)
• Heterochain (contain macromolecules in the chain, in addition to carbon atoms, atoms of other elements)
• Polyester (Dacron, Terylene, Dacron, Teteron, Elana, Tergal, Tesla)
• Polyamide (nylon, nylon-6, perlon, dederon, amylan, anide, nylon-6,6, rhodium-nylon, niplon, nomex, kermel)
• Polyurethane (spandex, lycra, vayrin, espa, neolan, spanzel, vorin)
• What are the advantages of working gloves made of synthetic yarn when compared with cotton:
• higher wear resistance.
• less creasing.

There are also popular work gloves made from blended yarn.

Blended yarn is a combination of synthetic and natural fibers. The best representative of this category in terms of price and quality are work gloves tied with a glove machine of six threads of the seventh class of knitting. The color of the work glove is black. The percentage of cotton and synthetics is 30 to 70. The synthetic thread is brought out to give strength and increase the wear resistance of the gloves of workers. And cotton threads are inside, which in turn reduces injuries to the hands, improves moisture absorption.

The PVC coating on these work gloves is designed to further protect your hands from abrasion. By laboratory tests it was found that working knitted gloves with PVC coating last three times longer than without PVC coating. Also, PVC coating makes it possible to work with wet, slippery and oiled objects.

There are a number of work gloves with full and partial PVC coating.

The most famous representative among PVC work gloves is red PVC work gloves with a rubber cuff. They consist of cotton knitwear ending with an elastic band sewn on the cuff. The entire work glove, up to the gum, is doused with a thick layer of red polyvinyl chloride up to two millimeters thick. The main purpose of these gloves is to protect hands from oils, gasoline, weak acid solutions. These work gloves protect your hands well from abrasion. The most common type of work performed with these gloves is work with various oiled objects.

What is PVC

PVC is an abbreviation for polyvinyl chloride. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, vestolite, hostalite, winnol, corvik, sikron, geon, nippon, sumilit, onion, helvik, norvik, etc.) looks like a colorless and completely transparent plastic. PVC has good resistance to various alkalis, mineral oils, solvents and a large amount of acids. Among the differences, I would like to note the poor temperature indicators of frost resistance up to -15 ° C and heat resistance up to + 65 ° C. PVC has an international designation - PVC.

PVC found its application as an insulating material on wires and cables; various sheets, lining, pipes, films are made from PVC in the manufacture of shoes and furniture.

Work gloves made of PVC have all the characteristics that are inherent in polyvinyl chloride.

PVC is used for the production of washable wallpapers, for clothes that are shiny and smooth to the touch, for seals in refrigerators.

Not one advertising agency could exist in its modern form without PVC. For advertising purposes, PVC is present in banners, signboards, tablets, posters, various stickers, as well as condoms as an alternative to latex allergy.

Further, I would like to note such a well-known material used in the manufacture of work gloves as nitrile. There are fully nitrile work gloves and partially nitrile-coated gloves in combination with different materials.

What is nitrile

Nitrile is a chemical material in the form of a film obtained by a chemical reaction from oil by the reaction of butadiene and acrylonitrile. According to many indicators, nitrile bypasses well-known materials used in the manufacture of work gloves. For example latex. Nitrile has a very high resistance to cut and puncture. Nitrile is resistant to many aggressive media. Nitrile work gloves stretch well to four hundred and fifty percent. Nitrile has a mechanical memory, which makes it possible to stretch in one direction or another much easier. When compared with latex, they can work for people with allergies. Working nitrile gloves are used in almost all areas of production, in medicine, dentistry, during painting, working with food, in beauty salons.

On the example of the catalog of work gloves of the company “Overalls-2010” we will study the basic gloves consisting completely or partially of nitrile.

Gloves, working, nitrile, article number 391. The main purpose of this article is to protect human hands from severe influences, namely: protection from cuts and punctures, protection against oils, oil, acids of small concentration. The most common protection against overhead effects. Like article number 16, PVC gloves red with a gum mantet, this type is made using the same technology. The main olicia is the nitrile material itself, which in this form of gloves is blue. For example, this type of work gloves, with its appearance, began to actively replace working canvas gloves, which have been actively used over the past hundred years. If we compare the prices of nitrile work gloves and work gloves, as of the beginning of 2014, prices are almost the same. If we compare the wear resistance of nitrile gloves and work gloves, nitrile undoubtedly wins with a margin of five hundred percent. Nitrile inferior to tarpaulin when working with elevated temperatures and sparks. When comparing the comfort of nitrile work gloves, comfort is significantly higher than the choice of a cuff or cuff or elastic, as well as five fingers. Gauntlets are one, two and three fawn.

This type of work gloves has gained its popularity as the most suitable for packaging, planting and harvesting. A distinctive feature of these working nitrile gloves is their high tactile sensitivity. This was made possible because a thin and strong polyester fiber with the highest possible class of knitting machine thirteenth was used in the manufacturing process. Compared to other synthetic gloves, these hands practically do not sweat. For extra protection, a protective thin layer of nitrile is applied to the fingers and palm. The main purpose of nitrile in this form is to protect hands from abrasion, dust and dirt.

The scope of this type is very wide: medicine, dentistry, food industry, work with wet objects, work in the laboratory. The color of the gloves is cornflower blue. One hundred gloves are packed in a box. These work gloves are most popular with dentists. For example, if nitrile and latex gloves are purchased at a dental clinic, then nitrile work gloves are used by doctors, and latex nurses. Cases of using these gloves by sellers of products in shops, supermarkets and bazaars are known.

Among working gloves, I also want to note gloves for low temperatures. The main purpose of such work gloves is to protect from low temperatures while not forgetting about protection from other factors.

The most bought type of gloves is the article No.These are cotton knitted work gloves. Their color is black. There is no additional pouring or protection.

The bibs themselves consist of two ordinary cotton gloves, i.e. these are double summer gloves. Tied on a seventh grade glove box. The composition of the yarn is cotton dyed 100%. These gloves became the most bought due to their price; it is the lowest of all the insulated winter gloves.

Among working gloves, one cannot help telling about leather and split gloves.

If the work gloves are completely made of leather or split and they do not see threads in the seams, then these work gloves can be successfully used for work with elevated temperatures, for work with welding, with fire or metal splashes.

If the work gloves are made from a combination of leather or split leather with fabric, then such work gloves cannot be used for work with fire, elevated temperatures. The possible use of such gloves is construction work, work with metal and fittings.

What is split

Split leather is the inner layer of the skin. In the leather industry, prepared cattle skin is cut into several layers, on average, it is three four layers. The uppermost layer of the skin is facial and is called facial skin, and the inner layers are called split. High-quality split work gloves have a very high degree of resistance to puncture and cut, and can also withstand short-term high temperatures. Split leather absorbs water when immersed, but when drops fall, the latter roll off the split.

Natural leather work gloves when viewed cannot have additional coverage on the skin except the skin. As much as possible on the skin can be paint. A distinctive feature of leather work gloves are the very properties of the skin. The skin is elastic, stretchable and recyclable, has good strength and durability. The difference between skin and split consists in the fact that the skin contains collagen fibers in itself, they, in turn, give the skin elasticity and strength. To the touch, split leather looks like suede. The split is heavy and loose, friability is present due to the fact that collagenic fibers are in the skin. The disadvantage of split is its irrevocability. If split work gloves are stretched, then the form remains so constantly.

In addition to working gloves, a lot of all kinds of things and haberdashery are made from split leather; if you take a working group, split suits for welders, split shoes, leggings and belts are made from split leather.